Hard work and hazard: Young people and agricultural commercialisation in Africa

Abstract

This study examines how young people construct livelihoods in areas experiencing agricultural commercialisation in Ghana, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Drawing on qualitative research with 117 rural young people, it explores the pathways through which they access work, land, capital and other resources within changing rural economies. The findings show that commercialised rural areas can provide diverse income-earning opportunities and that family and social relationships often play an important role in helping young people establish livelihoods. At the same time, many young people face significant uncertainty, setbacks and risks, requiring persistence and flexibility to remain economically active. The study challenges common assumptions about rural youth employment and highlights implications for policies aimed at expanding livelihood opportunities for young people in Africa.